LEMP

Instalación servidor LEMP

Instalaremos:

• GNU Linux (Ubuntu Server 24.04)
• eNginx 1.24.0 (APT Ubuntu)
• MariaDB 10.8 (Repo oficiales de MariaDB)
• PHP 8.5 (PPA ondrej/php)

Permisos de root

Todos los comandos en esta guía se realizarán como root.

sudo -i

Instalación Nginx (Stable)

• Actualizar repositorio

apt update

• Instalar Nginx

apt install nginx

• Instalación Apache Utils

apt install apache2-utils

Instalación MariaDB

• Instalar requisitos

apt install apt-transport-https curl

• Añadir repositorios MariaDB (oficiales)

mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings

curl -o /etc/apt/keyrings/mariadb-keyring.pgp 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.pgp'

vi /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mariadb.sources

# MariaDB 11.8 repository list - created 2026-02-23 08:31 UTC
# https://mariadb.org/download/
X-Repolib-Name: MariaDB
Types: deb
# deb.mariadb.org is a dynamic mirror if your preferred mirror goes offline. See https://mariadb.org/mirrorbits/ for details.
# URIs: https://deb.mariadb.org/11.8/ubuntu
URIs: https://mirror.raiolanetworks.com/mariadb/repo/11.8/ubuntu
Suites: noble
Components: main main/debug
Signed-By: /etc/apt/keyrings/mariadb-keyring.pgp

• Actualizar repositorio

apt update

• Instalación de servidor y cliente

apt install mariadb-client mariadb-server

• Inicializar base de datos

mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

Instalación PHP

Vamos a usar los repositorios PPA de ondrej/php

• Instalar repositorio PPA

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

• Actualizar repositorios

apt update

• Instalar PHP 8.5

apt install php8.5 php8.5-apcu php8.5-common php8.5-fpm php8.5-curl php8.5-gd php8.5-mysql php8.5-xml php8.5-xmlrpc php8.5-bz2 php8.5-imap php8.5-intl php8.5-mbstring php8.5-soap php8.5-gnupg php8.5-imagick php8.5-mcrypt php8.5-zip

Instalación Let's Encrypt

Vamos a usar Let's Encrypt para generar las claves y certificados usadas para comunicaciones HTTPS.

• Instalar Snap Core

snap install core

• Refrescar Snap Core

snap refresh core

• Instalar Certbot

snap install --classic certbot

• Crear enlace simbólico

ln -s /snap/bin/certbot /usr/local/bin/certbot

• Comprobar que está activada el timer de renovación

systemctl list-timers | grep certbot
Mon 2026-02-23 11:47:00 UTC      12h -                                      - snap.certbot.renew.timer       snap.certbot.renew.service